When you’re doing research, it’s important to know where your information comes from – and how much you can trust it.

What Is Peer Review?

Peer review is a quality check for academic work. Before a research article is published, it’s sent to other experts in the same field (“peers”) to evaluate the methods, accuracy, and importance of the study.

This process helps ensure the research is credible and high-quality – though it’s not perfect! You can find more information in our Peer Review guide.

Scholarly vs. Popular Sources

Not all sources are created equal.

• Scholarly sources (like academic journals) are written by experts for other scholars or students. They include citations, technical language, and more rigorous journals put their articles through peer review. Meaning something can technically be a scholarly source but not peer-reviewed. 
• Popular sources (like magazines, news sites, or blogs) are written for a general audience. They’re easier to read but usually don’t include detailed evidence or references.

Evaluating Your Sources

Even scholarly sources should be evaluated for credibility and bias. Try the CRAAP Test – looking at Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose – learn more about this in our Evaluating Information guide.

In short:

• Peer review = expert quality check.
• Scholarly sources = research-based and cited.
• Popular sources = accessible but less rigorous.

Always evaluate your sources before using them.